The figure below illustrates use of GeoSpec® lightweight fill material as part
of the design solution in a retaining wall or abutment application. The basic
concept is to place GeoSpec fill material in a wedge-shaped configuration
with the natural or built-up soil behind the retaining wall shaped at a sufficient
angle of repose so that it is self-supporting.
Since GeoSpec fill material density is low relative to standard aggregate backfill materials, vertical stresses that develop behind a retaining wall or abutment are much lower than for an aggregate backfill. Lateral forces exerted by GeoSpec fill material are also minimal because the Poisson's ratio of GeoSpec fill material within its elastic stress range is close to zero and, therefore, is significantly less than the Poisson’s ratio for soil.
The light weight of GeoSpec fill material results in reduced vertical stresses.
As well, the tendency of the interlocked GeoSpec fill material to settle as
a block with a slight tilt away from the wall face reduces potential lateral
load on a wall.
The low mass and relatively high compressibility of GeoSpec
fill material may also offer an additional advantage by limiting horizontal
forces against retaining structures. The transition zone between the GeoSpec
fill material and soil should be free draining. Adequate subsoil drainage
must be provided to prevent development of hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy.
In
addition, the insulating properties of GeoSpec fill material will reduce the
effects of lateral earth pressure resulting from freezing air temperatures.
The thermal insulation properties of GeoSpec fill material will prevent freezing
and expansion of the soil behind the retaining wall, as well as protect the
retaining wall drainage system.
